从今天开始，我会不定期的给大家讲述一些全球环境保护过程中发生的或大或小的故事，这既是我的兴趣所在，也是我的专业相关.
今天给大家讲述的，是一个动物保护主义者的悲剧故事。英文原文自美国《国家地理》
他是熊的“兄弟”，却死在熊掌下
美国各大影院从8月12日开始放映德国大师沃纳.赫尔佐戈知道的纪录片《灰熊人》（Grizzly Man），这部影片真实地再现了动物保护主义者提摩西.崔德威不平凡的一生。在阿拉斯加野外，崔德威和灰熊一起生活了13个夏天，2003年秋天，人们在卡特梅国家公园营地发现，崔德威贝塔西奈的一只灰熊活活拍死，部分尸体被吃掉，他的女朋友阿米.哈格纳德也没有幸免遇难。
最重要的“熊语”没学会
纪录片采用了崔德威自己拍摄的画面，向人们讲述了一个富有争议的崔德威——他酗酒。吸毒，却把一生献给了灰熊。在这部纪录片中，你可以看到崔德威经常为灰熊唱歌，朗诵诗词，给他们取了“巧克力”等有趣的名字，有时还会亲亲它们的鼻子。
专家们认为，崔德威之所以死在灰熊的掌下，是因为它不知道如何把握与动物接触的“度”。蒙大拿州米苏拉野生动物信息中心的执行董事楚克表示，崔德威是一个对自己不负责任的善良勇士。楚克曾经建议崔德威控制与灰熊的接触程度。然而，一心想成为“熊语者”的崔德威忽视了他的建议。崔德威自信能与会雄保持良好的关系。他在2003年给赞助人的一封信中写道：“这些灰熊已经完全接受了我，把我当成它们的兄弟”
崔德威曾声称，自己可以辨别灰熊的21种发声法以及肢体语言。楚克表示，如果事情果真如此，那其中最重要的一句话他肯定没有学会——就是那只杀手灰熊最后说的“走开”。在崔德维和哈格纳德的尸体被发现后，卡特梅国家公园的巡逻队员打死了那只体重约1000磅（相当于450公斤）的雄性灰熊，另一支年轻的熊也因为好斗被枪杀。
远离它们才是最好的保护
作为蒙大拿州波兹曼克瑞格黑德生态环境研究中心的主管，兰斯.克瑞格黑德说：“崔德威的绝大部分时间都是在谈论有关熊的事情中度过的。”克瑞格黑德认为，崔德威有点儿玩命。“他是想让灰熊进一步接受他。人们在大猩猩和黑猩猩等动物身上也做过类似的事情，但是如果你的对象是一支脾气暴躁的灰熊，你还是马上抛开得好。崔德威曾与数千只灰熊有过亲密接触，最后还是出了差错。”
克瑞格黑德表示，在野外观察和研究熊时，他会尽量避免那些恐怖事情的发生。“首先我不会近距离接触它们，而且我还会带上对付熊的喷雾器（喷出的一般是胡椒粉）。”
崔德威并不是唯一一个与灰熊亲密接触的人，野生动物信息中心有关灰熊袭击人的报告不断增加。美国和加拿大的黄石，冰河，杰士伯和班夫等国家公园，已经被迫雇用额外的巡逻队员，以保证参观者的安全，在黄石国家公园，参观者必须与熊保持至少90米的距离。他们还提醒进入公园的人；如果进入熊的私人领地，可能会遭到它们的攻击，这些庞然大物不费吹灰之力就可以把你杀死。
米苏拉野生动物信息中心的执行董事楚克说：“两年前的统计数字为200人，这些人在黄石公园参观时，与熊的距离只有1.5米，现在这些熊已经死了。（这块地方我翻译糊涂了,主要是没有搞清这个200人是什么意思，是受到攻击的人数么？原文是
"Two years ago we counted 200 people standing within five feet [one and a half meters] of grizzly bears in Yellowstone," Bartlebaugh, of the Center for Wildlife Information, said. "Those bears are now dead."
）熊和人类混熟后会变得异常好斗，有些人难免会成为遇害的对象，所以我们必须把这些熊杀死，其他雄有的被汽车撞死，有的则被受到惊吓的猎手枪杀，如果人们不是和那些熊走得太近的话，他们还能继续留在那里繁衍后代。人类必须与这些美丽的动物保持一定的距离。走得太近可能会被熊杀死，只有选择离开，才能为熊创造一个和谐的野外生存环境。”
不知道大家看完这个故事后想到了什么，我觉得文章中有一句评价是最准确的“崔德威是一个对自己不负责任的善良勇士”，他用自己的悲剧的生命历程告诉我们人和动物之间终究还是无法完全交流，我们刻意保护或者接近它们的方法都是人类的一厢情愿，要想真正让动物们生活，人们只有，远远的离开它们。
有空我会去下载这部电影来看，来看看这个传奇人物的悲剧的人生，值得尊敬的人生。
附：英文原文
Opening today, the documentary Grizzly Man revisits the life and violent death of Timothy Treadwell, a controversial wildlife activist who spent 13 summers living among bears in the Alaskan wilderness.
Treadwell was discovered dead and partially eaten by one of his beloved grizzlies at his campsite in Katmai National Park in the fall of 2003. His girlfriend, Amie Huguenard, was also killed.
Using Treadwell's own dramatic video footage, the film tells the story of a controversial figure who put a history of drug and alcohol abuse behind him to devote his life to grizzlies. It was an obsession that cost Treadwell his life.
In the Werner Herzog-directed documentary, Treadwell is shown singing and reading poetry to grizzlies, calling them names like Mr. Chocolate, and even petting one on the nose.
Experts say Treadwell was an example of how not to behave around these animals.
Chuck Bartlebaugh, executive director of the Center for Wildlife Information, based in Missoula, Montana, describes Treadwell, a self-styled "kind warrior," as "irresponsible." Though he had a "great heart" and a "loving personality," Bartlebaugh said, Treadwell never should have done what he did.
Bartlebaugh, who advised Treadwell on his conduct around wild bears, said, "Tim agreed with us and the superintendent of Katmai National Park to no longer approach, stress, or harass the bears. But he misled [us]."
Bartlebaugh says Treadwell's decision to ignore this advice was influenced by his aim to become known as a "bear whisperer."
Treadwell clearly believed he had a special bond with the animals. In a letter to one of his sponsors in 2003 he wrote: "My transformation complete—a fully accepted wild animal—brother to these bears."
Weeks later he was killed, and by one of the bears he so adored. "The Park Service knew and had monitored the bear, and Tim knew it too," Bartlebaugh said.
Treadwell claimed to have identified 21 vocalizations and body languages in grizzlies. If that's the case, says Bartlebaugh, the one he didn't recognize was the most important: "It was the one that says, Leave me alone."
Bear biologist Lance Craighead says the deaths of Treadwell and his girlfriend created a lot of bad publicity for bears. But, he says, the New York-born Treadwell also inspired people with his message that grizzly bears should be protected and preserved.
"Treadwell did more good than harm," said Craighead, director of the Craighead Environmental Research Institute in Bozeman, Montana. "He sure reached a lot of schoolchildren—he spent most of his winters talking to schoolkids about bears."
Treadwell "pushed the envelope" when it came to taking risks, Craighead said, which may have encouraged others to do the same.
"I think he was trying to make the bears habituated to him so that they knew him personally," the biologist added. "People have done that with a lot of animals, such as gorillas and chimpanzees. It works, up to a point. But there's always likely to be a 'bad bear' that you might just run into."
Treadwell "must have had thousands of bear encounters. Finally he had one which went wrong," he said.
Craighead says he has managed to avoid hairy moments of his own during fieldwork in grizzly country.
"I don't get close enough to touch them, for one thing," he said. "I also carry bear spray [generally a pepper-based repellent] with me. I think it would have been a good thing if [Treadwell] had had it in his tent, even if he didn't want to carry it around."
Bear Maulings
Treadwell isn't alone in getting too close to grizzlies.
The Center for Wildlife Information reports increased incidences of grizzly bear maulings due to human misadventure. U.S and Canadian national parks such as Yellowstone, Glacier, Jasper, and Banff have been forced to hire extra rangers to keep bear-friendly visitors back.
In Yellowstone National Park visitors are asked to stay at least a hundred yards (90 meters) from bears.
Parkgoers are warned that if they get within a bear's "individual distance," the bear might charge. And the animals are powerful enough to kill with a single blow.
"Two years ago we counted 200 people standing within five feet [one and a half meters] of grizzly bears in Yellowstone," Bartlebaugh, of the Center for Wildlife Information, said. "Those bears are now dead."
Some had to be culled because they became too aggressive after having been habituated to humans, some of whom fed the bears, he said. Others were hit by cars or shot by hunters who found themselves threatened.
"If people had not habituated those bears, they would still be around, helping the recovery of the population," Bartlebaugh added.
"We as humans have to be diligent about being around these beautiful animals. You don't move away because the bear is going to kill you. You move away because you want the bear to be wild."
本文引用地址 (trackback):
http://www.nklog.org/trackback.php?id=121
